在今天的名师答疑节目中,我们要回复卢旺达的瓦伦斯提出的问题。
Question:
提问:
"Please explain how to use ‘gonna.'" – Valens, Rwanda
“请解释一下如何使用‘gonna’”—来自卢旺达的瓦伦斯
Answer:
回复:
Dear Valens,
亲爱的瓦伦斯,
You probably hear native English speakers on television and in movies using reduced forms of words all the time. Examples are the terms gonna, gotta, wanna, shoulda and oughta.
你可能经常会在影视剧中看到英语母语人士使用单词的简化形式。例如gonna、gotta、wanna、shoulda和oughta。
In spoken English, we often put words together. In the process, we also leave out some letters and the vowel sounds change a little. So the expression "going to" becomes "gonna."
在英语口语中,我们经常把单词连起来。在这个过程中我们还会省略一些字母,元音读音也有所改变,这样“going to”就简化成了“gonna”。
Reduced forms are informal speech
简化形式是非正式口语
Here are a few examples of reduced forms in formal and informal speech:
以下是正式和非正式口语中几个简化形式的例子:
Formal: What are you going to do tonight? Do you want to see a movie?
正式:你今晚打算做什么?你想不想看电影?
Informal: Whatcha gonna do tonight? Wanna see a movie?
非正式:晚上干啥?看电影吗?
Formal: Sorry, but I've got to do my homework. You ought to do yours, too.
正式:对不起,我晚上要写作业,你也应该写你的作业。
Informal: Sorry, but I gotta do my homework. You oughta do yours, too.
非正式:对不起,我要写作业,你也应该写。
Note that the informal examples are how many people normally speak. It would sound very formal and, as a result, strange to pronounce every sound of every word. This shortening of sounds happens in many languages.
请注意:非正式例子是很多人的日常对话,如果发出每个单词的每个读音听上去会非常正式,但是这样也会很奇怪。这种简化说法在很多语言中都会出现。
Use reduced forms in speech, not in writing
在口语中使用简化形式,不要在书写中使用
In English, you may not see the short forms in writing because writers are usually more careful to spell each word. But when a writer wants to show how a person is really speaking, these short forms can appear in books and, more commonly, in popular culture.
你可能在英语书面语言中没有见过简写形式,因为作家们通常会更谨慎地拼写出每个单词。但是当一个作家想要展现出人们实际上如何说话时,这些简写形式就会出现在书本中,更常见的是出现在流行文化中。
Compare these examples from popular movies. The first is the reduced form of "Get out of there!"
比较一下流行电影中的这些例子,首先是“Get out of there”的简化形式。
1 (phone rings. Tom Cruise answers) Cruise: Hello. Voice: Get outta there! They know. Get out!
(电话铃响,汤姆·克鲁斯接电话)克鲁斯:喂。 声音:离开那里,他们知道了,快离开。
2 Woman: Get outta there.
女声:快出来。
3 Man: Don't talk to him. Get outta there!
男声:别理他,快离开那里。
Here are examples of "It's going to blow." [explode]
以下是“It's going to blow”(爆炸)的一下例子。
1 Ironman: Got a nuke comin' in. It's gonna blow in less than a minute.
钢铁侠:有核武器飞过来了,还有不到一分钟就会爆炸。
2 Boy: But wait, but the plane - it's gonna blow up, it's gonna blow up!
男孩:等一下,飞机要爆炸了,它要爆炸啦!
Sometimes, people have little time to tell others about their exact problem, so they use reduced form words. But people in everyday life also use reduced forms to seem friendly.
有时候,人们没时间跟别人把问题说得很详细,所以他们使用简化形式的单词。但是日常生活中人们也使用简化形式来表现友好。
It's fine to use terms like these when you are speaking with friends. It's better not to use them in English class or a formal situation, like an office.
当你跟朋友对话时,使用这些措辞没有问题,但是在英语课或是办公室之类的正式场合最好不要使用。
Remember that you should not write the reduced forms, except in informal communication to friends or family.
记住除非是跟亲朋好友进行非正式交流,否则不要使用简化形式书写。
That's Ask a Teacher for this week. So I've gotta get outta here.
以上就是本周名师答疑节目的全部内容。我要闪人啦。
I'm Jill Robbins.
我是吉尔·罗宾斯。(51VOA.COM原创翻译,禁止转载,违者必究!)